ANSI C Programming

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Detailed Overview/Outline

PREREQUISITES: Experienced programming in a high level language. Some familiarity with data structures and operating systems.

DURATION: 5 days

DESCRIPTION: This hands-on ANSI C Course provides a comprehensive introduction to the C language, emphasizing portability and structured design. Thorough treatment is given to the topics of string and character manipulation, dynamic memory allocation, standard I/O, macro definition, the C runtime library, and ANSI C specifications, especially where they differ from older C implementations. The Course explains the use of aggregate structures, unions, and pointers early on so the students can practice extensively in the hands on labs. Structured programming constructs and varargs functions are also included. The Course includes coverage of portability tips drawn from experienced programmers working in production environments.

Overview of Topics Covered
Overview of C

• Operating System Independence
• Design Goals and Capabilities
• Flavors of C

Compiler Directives and the C Preprocessor

• Compile-Time Directives
• Use of typedef
• C Preprocessor Syntax

Fundamental Data Types, Storage Classes, and Scope

• Fundamental Data Types and Qualifiers
• Constants and Strings
• Storage Classes
• Scope and Block Structure
• Scope and Data Hiding
• Data Initialization

Pointers and Dynamic Allocation

• Advantages of Pointers
• User of Pointers
• Pointer and Address Arithmetic
• Dynamic Storage Allocation
• sizeof
• Double Indirection

Macros

• Functions versus Inlining
• Purpose of Macros
• Use of Macros
• Making Code More Readable
• Auto Adjustment of Compile Time Values
• Conditional Compilation
• Making Code Portable
• Simplifying Complex Access Calculations
• Advanced Micro Design Tips
• Using Macros to Help Write Portable Programs
• When to Use a Macro instead of a Function
• Using Macros for Debugging

Arrays

• Purpose of Arrays
• Declaring an Array
• Initializing an Array
• Addressing Elements
• Stepping Through an Array
• Variable Size Arrays
• Arrays of Pointers
• Arrays of Strings
• Passing an Array to a Function
• Dynamic Memory Allocation
• Multidimensional Arrays

Basic Formatted I/O

• Standard I/O Library
• Character Set Encoding
• Standard Input and Output
• Character I/O Functions
• Formatted I/O Functions
• String Constants

Program Debugging

• Problem Analysis
• Instrumenting with printif
• Instrumenting with ctrace
• The Purpose of Debuggers
• How Not to Use Debuggers
• Symbolic Debuggers

Operators and Expressions

• Arithmetic, Logical, and Bit Operators
• Precedence and Associativity
• Assignment and Casting
• The Conditional Operator

Flow Control Constructs

• Conditional Constructs: if, switch
• Looping Constructs: while, do, for
• Programming Style

Functions (Subroutines)

• Purpose of Functions
• Functions versus Inlining
• Automatic Variables
• The Argument Stack
• Passing By Value
• Passing By Reference
• Declaring External Functions
• Function Prototyping
• ANSI Prototyping
• The _NO_PROTO Compiler Symbol
• Varargs Functions
• Passing a Function as an Argument
• Designing Functions for Reusability
• Calling a Function from Another Language
• Returning a Dynamically Allocated Value Using Double Indirection
• Casting the Return Value of a Function
• Recursion and Reentrancy

Structures

• Purpose of Structures
• Defining and Declaring Structures
• Accessing Members
• Pointers to Structures
• Dynamic Memory Allocation
• Passing a Structure to a Function
• As a Pointer
• Passing the Actual Structure

Advanced Structures and Unions

• Nested Structures
• Arrays of Structures
• Bit Fields
• Unions
• Linked Lists

C Runtime Library Standard Functions

• Character I/O
• Unformatted File I/O
• Formatted File I/O
• Math Functions
• Miscellaneous Functions

Strings and Character Manipulation

• Strings as Character Arrays
• String Library Functions
• Reading and Writing Strings

Accessing Command Line Arguments and Environment Symbols

• argc and argv
• Parsing Command Line Options
• Accessing the Environment Array

Structured Programming

• Structuring Code for Quality, Reliability, Maintainability
• Designing for Modularity and Reusability

Advanced Programming Consideration

• Writing Portable Code
• Use of Macros
• ANSI C Limits
• Feature Test Macros
• Client/Server Design
• Performance Considerations

Sponsor Background:
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