BGP - Configuring BGP on Cisco Routers

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Detailed Overview/Outline

In this course, we expand upon the basics of the Border Gateway Protocol which you were introduced to in Cisco BSCN. We perform protocol analysis on how and why BGP form neighbor relationships and understand the various states of this relationship. You learn about advanced configuration functions of the Border Gateway Protocol such as synchronization, dampening, and peer groups. We will discuss design choice such as fully meshed verses partially meshed and the ramifications of redistribution with the Border Gateway Protocol. We will look at and perform labs on solutions for excess peering by using BGP Confederation and/or BGP Route Reflectors. This course also ensure that you have a through understanding of how BGP selects a pathway to be submitted to the IP routing table. Once this understanding is achieved, we will discuss and experiment with path manipulation to include labs in summarization using prefix list, prepend, local preference, and communities. We will have BGP select routes using complex route maps, which were introduced to you in BSCN, which will contain regular expressions and access lists that allow us to manipulate the Autonomous System Path string.

You Learn…

• BGP Troubleshooting Techniques
• BGP Path Manipulation
• BGP Path Manipulation via Regular Expressions
• BGP Route Reflectors and Confederations
• BGP Communities
• IP Prefix Lists
• Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)
• Summarization and Aggregate Addressing for CIDR Blocks
• Manipulation of BGP attributes such as Local Preference and MED
• Commands Required to Monitor a BGP Network
• BGP Redistribution do and don’ts
• Synchronization and Next Hop Address Concerns

Who Needs to Attend

Internet Service Providers, Networking Professionals who need to connect to ISPs, and other individuals who need to understand how to configure Cisco routers for the BGP protocol.

Course Outline
1. Basic BGP Terminology

• Technical Explanation of the Internet
• What is a NAP
• What is a Peer Agreement
• What is a route server
• What is the Internet Registry
• What is BGP
• Internal Verses External Routing Protocols
• When to use BGP
• When not to use BGP
• Static/Default Routes
• Static Route Configuration
• BGP Basics
• BGP Terms
• BGP Neighbor/BGP Peer
• BGP Speaker/BGP Router
• Multi-homed BGP
• Route Reflectors
• BGP Confederations
• BGP Peer Groups
• Route Map
• BGP Attributes
• Origin
• AS-Path
• Next_Hop Address
• BGP Local Preference
• Used to find the best exit to leave an AS
• Used by iBGP neighbors only
• Metrics Used to manipulate pathways from End Customer to Internet
• Cisco Weight
• Used by a single Cisco router with multiple neighbors
• Metrics Used to manipulate pathways from End Customer to Internet
• BGP Multiple Exit Discriminator (MED)
• Metric Used to manipulate pathways from Internet to End Customer Communities
• Chart of Well Know, Transitive, Partial Attributes

2. Basic BGP Configuration and Theory

• Basic BGP Commands
• Network Command
• Neighbor Command
• Connecting BGP Neighbors
• External verses Internal BGP Neighbors
• Using a Loopback interface
• Benefits of a Loopback interface
• BGP Router-ID command (IOS 12.0 +)
• Establishing BGP Neighbors
• Difference between Internal and External neighbors
• BGP Neighbor Update Source Address Command
• BGP Basic Configuration Example
• Show IP BGP summary command
• Idle, Active, Open, and Established States.
• Debug IP BGP Events
• Netable-walker, insertions and removals (withdraws)
• Clear IP BGP
• Soft reconfiguration in and out
• Why BGP needs to be Fully Meshed
• Contrast to IGP routing Protocols
• Alternatives are Route Reflectors and BGP Confederations
• Minimizing Routing Updates
• Peer Groups
• Peer Group configuration commands
• Show IP BGP Peer Group command
• Show IP BGP neighbor command

3. BGP Route Advertisements

• Conditions for BGP to Announce IP Networks
• Condition 1 - Routes must be in the Routing Table for iBGP neighbors to use
• Condition 2- BGP must be aware of the routes
• Stub and Transit Autonomous Systems
• Differences between Stub and Transit Autonomous Systems
• Synchronization as it applies to iBGP neighbors
• Next Hop Address Concern
• Next Hop Address - Multi-Access Networks
• Next-hop-self command
• Benefits of Next-hop-self command
• Show ip route summary
• Compare to Show ip bgp summary
• BGP Memory Requirements
• Show IP BGP Summary
• Show IP Route Summary
• Memory Requirements for the full Internet Routing Table

4. BGP IP Summarization and CIDR

• Class Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
• Classless Addresses
• Explain Longest Match
• Provide Example of Longest match as far as the Internet is concerned
• IP Classless
• Coordinated Address Allocation
• Summarization
• BGP Summarization Options
• BGP Configuration of CIDR
• BGP Aggregate Address Configuration - Summary Only
• BGP Aggregate Address Configuration - AS Set
• Summarization using the Network Command
• Explanation of the null static route which must be created
• Different Summarization to Individual eBGP Neighbors
• Prefix List Explanation
• Prefix List Syntax
• Example of Prefix List
• Neighbor tells who to advertise to, network tells what to advertise, and aggregate address tells how to advertise
• Show IP routing table with examples of summarization

5. BGP Path Selection

• Show IP BGP Command with options
• Multi-Step Process of Selecting a BGP Pathway
• Administrative Distances for Route Selection
• Load Balancing with BGP
• BGP load Balancing Commands
• Simple Load Balancing
• Maximum Path Command
• Example of Load Balancing With Maximum Paths

6. BGP Dampening

• BGP Dampening a.k.a. Route Flap Dampening
• Explanation of BGP Dampening Using Default Settings
• Displaying Dampened Routes and Flap Statistics
• Clearing of Dampened Routes and Flap Statistics

7. Special BGP Filters

• Route Selection and Advertisement Filters
• Filter-List
• Distribute-List
• BGP AS Path Filtering
• Understanding Basic Regular Expression Manipulation
• Written Exercise of Regular Expressions
• BGP Filter-List Configuration
• BGP Neighbor Distribution List

8. Route Maps and BGP Manipulation

• Redistribution With BGP
• When to perform redistribution
• When is redistribution inappropriate
• Explanation of Route Maps
• Route Map Syntax
• BGP Route Map
• Weight Attribute Using Route Maps
• Local Preference Using Route Maps
• MED Using Route Maps Between Two Autonomous Systems
• MED Using Route Maps Between Multiple + Autonomous Systems
• BGP Communities

9. BGP Confederation and Route Reflectors

• BGP Peering
• BGP Full Meshed Connectivity
• BGP Confederations
• BGP Route Reflectors
• BGP Route Reflector Commands
• Route Reflector Configuration Example

Labs
Hands-On Lab 1: Connectivity using Default Routes Initial configuration of the routers in your pod to include a default route to reach the other Autonomous Systems in the classroom.

Hands-On Lab 2: Basic BGP Configuration for a Stub Autonomous System Basic BGP setup using the Router-ID command with eBGP connectivity to the other Autonomous Systems in the classroom.

Hands-On Lab 3: BGP Configuration with Peer Groups Configure BGP using Peer Groups and a fully meshed iBGP. Observe if there is any connectivity issues.

Hands-On Lab 4: iBGP connectivity with BGP synchronization disabled Disable synchronization and observe the results.

Hands-On Lab 5: Basic BGP Summarization Typical BGP Summarization for a Stub Autonomous System where all neighbors receive the same advertisement.

Hands-On Lab 6: Summarization using Prefix List. Create a prefix list to allow a different summarization to each neighbor.

Hands-On Lab 7: BGP Path Selection Document and understand how BGP selects a pathway. Manipulate the general flow of data by changing the default setting for Local Preference.

Hands-On Lab 8: BGP Dampening Enable BGP dampening and observe how external routes are affected. Learn how to clear the dampen routes and the flap statistics.

Hands-On Lab 9: BGP Path Manipulation Using Regular Expressions Using regular expressions and a BGP filter list, create policy based route expressions which choose a specific pathway to reach other Autonomous Systems.

Hands-On Lab 10: BGP Path Manipulation Using Route Maps and Prepend Create a route map using the prepend options to affect how packets enter your Autonomous System.

Hands-On Lab 11: BGP Path Manipulation Using Route Maps and Local Preference Create a route map that advertises selected Local Preferences to your iBGP neighbors so that they may choose the appropriate pathway to exit their Autonomous System.

Hands-On Lab 12: BGP Path Manipulation Using Route Maps and MED Create a route map to influence how other Autonomous Systems reach the networks owned by your AS.

Hands-On Lab 13: BGP Path Manipulation Using Route Maps and Communities for Summarization Perform Summarization using route maps and community strings so that the summarized routes are passed to neighboring Autonomous Systems but the more specific routes are flag to be filtered at the edge of your Autonomous System.

Hands-On Lab 14: BGP Path Manipulation Using Route Maps and Communities Between Two ISPs Using route maps and community strings, set up a peering arrangement where if you pass a specific community number for a set of networks to an external neighbor through a given pathway, that neighbor will create an agreed upon local preference for those networks.

Hands-On Lab 15: BGP Route Reflectors For the eight routers in your pod, set up to BGP Clusters with two route reflectors and two reflector clients in each cluster.

Hands-On Lab 16: BGP Confederations Lab Setup the classroom as one BGP confederation with four confederation peers. Examine the affects and advertisements that the confederation creates.

Sponsor Background:
About Global Knowledge

Founded in 1995, Global Knowledge, Inc. is the world's largest independent IT education integrator, offering more than 700 courses in more than 30 countries and in 15 languages. Global Knowledge’s blended IT education solutions combine vendor-authorized and proprietary content with Global Knowledge-developed curricula, delivered through the right mix of intensive hands-on classroom training and interactive e-Learning. The company offers complete IT education program management solutions including enrollment, assessment, progress tracking and certification. The company’s blended IT education solutions are delivered via instructor-led classroom (c-learning), virtual classroom (v-learning), self-paced e-Learning, and e-Learning tools or software applications.

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